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Self-harm risk factors

There are many different risk factors which can increase a person's vulnerability to self-harm

Understanding the risk factors for self-harm can help us to be aware of who is most vulnerable.

For example, we know that young people in care, prisons, inpatient units, sheltered housing or boarding schools are at a higher-than-average risk of self-harm.

The table below shows the individual, family and social risk factors that may increase a young person’s vulnerability to self-harm.

Individual Risk Family Risk Social Risk

Depression and anxiety, Drug and alcohol misuse

Low self-esteem

Poor problem solving skills

Impulsiveness

Feeling hopeless

Having ADHD or ASC

Past or present sexual or physical abuse
Trauma

Neglect

Identifying as LGBTQA+

Parental mental health disorders

Drug or alcohol misuse within the family

Family history of self-harm or suicide.

Parental conflict or separation

Being in the care system

Domestic violence/abuse

Sexual abuse

Trauma

Conflict with parents

Parents’ unreasonable expectations or pressure

Bullying/cyberbullying

Homophobic/gender bullying or discrimination

Peer rejection

Difficult peer relationships

Having friends who self-harm

Being influenced by social media, websites or self-harm of well-known figures in the media

School pressure

When thinking about a young person's risk, it is important to remember:
If a young person has been exposed to multiple risk factors, it does not necessarily mean they will self-harm.

Some young people who seem to have no risk factors may self-harm.