There are many different risk factors which can increase a person's vulnerability to self-harm
Understanding the risk factors for self-harm can help us to be aware of who is most vulnerable.
For example, we know that young people in care, prisons, inpatient units, sheltered housing or boarding schools are at a higher-than-average risk of self-harm.
The table below shows the individual, family and social risk factors that may increase a young person’s vulnerability to self-harm.
Individual Risk |
Family Risk |
Social Risk |
Depression and anxiety, Drug and alcohol misuse
Low self-esteem
Poor problem solving skills
Impulsiveness
Feeling hopeless
Having ADHD or ASC
Past or present sexual or physical abuse
Trauma
Neglect
Identifying as LGBTQA+
|
Parental mental health disorders
Drug or alcohol misuse within the family
Family history of self-harm or suicide.
Parental conflict or separation
Being in the care system
Domestic violence/abuse
Sexual abuse
Trauma
Conflict with parents
Parents’ unreasonable expectations or pressure
|
Bullying/cyberbullying
Homophobic/gender bullying or discrimination
Peer rejection
Difficult peer relationships
Having friends who self-harm
Being influenced by social media, websites or self-harm of well-known figures in the media
School pressure
|
When thinking about a young person's risk, it is important to remember:
If a young person has been exposed to multiple risk factors, it does not necessarily mean they will self-harm.
Some young people who seem to have no risk factors may self-harm.